Emerging Areas in HIV Prevention
As researchers and implementers learn more about what drives HIV transmission and what works to prevent it, Emerging Areas in HIV Prevention addresses potent drivers with novel solutions. Emerging Areas features innovative activities as well as established activities adapted for resource-constrained settings.
what the research shows
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Prevention of Alcohol-related HIV Risk Behavior
Alcohol use in virtually all cultures reduces both people’s perception of risk and their inhibitions against engaging in risky behaviors. Alcohol use is associated with HIV risk factors, including inconsistent condom use and number and concurrency of sexual partners. Novel approaches show promise in bringing about behavior change, reducing, for example, the frequency of consuming alcohol prior to sex and of meeting sex partners at drinking venues.
Updated: January 2009
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Multiple and Concurrent Sexual Partnerships
Many people are now aware that having multiple sexual partners increases their risk of contracting HIV. Fewer people are aware that having concurrent sexual partnerships, defined as having two or more partnerships that overlap in time, increases their risk of acquiring HIV; an individual is at increased risk of acquiring HIV if their sexual partner(s) connects them to a wider sexual network through which HIV can spread.
Updated: February 2010
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HIV Prevention for Serodiscordant Couples
Recent studies in sub-Saharan African countries with mature epidemics show that up to two-thirds of infected couples are serodiscordant: one partner is HIV-positive and the other HIV-negative. One study found that 55 to 92 percent of new, heterosexually acquired HIV infections among adults occurred within serodiscordant regular relationships. Promising prevention responses have included couples testing, group workshops, and ARV therapy, but effectiveness is not yet proven.
Updated: November 2009
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HIV Prevention for Hard-to-Reach Men Who Have Sex with Men
Men who have sex with men (MSM) can be difficult to reach with HIV prevention messages and services, since many are secretive about their sexual activities. To be successful, programs must address behavioral risk reduction and reach MSM in ways that reflect the diversity of their sexual behavior and their varied social and political contexts.
Updated December 2010
Also Available from AIDSTAR-One
Technical Brief
Private Sector Involvement in HIV Service Provision
A sampling of promising practices that leverage the private health care sector in resource-constrained settings
Technical Brief
Mental Health and HIV/AIDS
A tool for program planners and health care providers concerned about mental health issues in HIV care and support for adults
Database
National HIV Treatment Guideline Database
A growing collection of national HIV treatment guidelines from around the world
